胃轻瘫
Overview
胃轻瘫 is a disorder affecting the nerves and muscles of the stomach, resulting in a paralyzed stomach that cannot perform its normal function. 正常情况下, your stomach contracts slowly to squeeze solid food into small particles, 然后被推入小肠. 与胃轻瘫, food is not moved into the small bowel and remains in the stomach for much longer than usual. 当食物在胃里停留太久时, problems such as bacterial overgrowth can develop in the small bowel. 也, the food can harden into solid masses called bezoars that may cause nausea, 呕吐和胃部阻塞.
Although the cause of gastroparesis is unknown in more than half of patients, 1型糖尿病是最常见的原因. It also can develop in people with type 2 diabetes, although this is less common. 胃轻瘫的其他原因包括:
- 病毒后综合症
- 神经性厌食症
- Surgery on the stomach or vagus nerve, a nerve that runs from the brain to the abdomen
- 药物, particularly anticholinergics and narcotics, which slow contractions in the intestine
- 胃食管反流病，虽然这是罕见的
- 平滑肌疾病，如淀粉样变性和硬皮病
- Nervous system diseases, including abdominal migraine and Parkinson's disease
我们治疗胃轻瘫的方法
UCSF提供最先进的, 对所有胃肠道疾病进行全面护理, 包括胃轻瘫. Our surgeons helped pioneer minimally invasive gastrointestinal surgery, which has significant benefits for patients compared with traditional open surgery, 包括更快的恢复, 降低感染风险, 减少疼痛和疤痕.
胃轻瘫有几种治疗方法, and our recommendations depend on both the patient's 症状 and the underlying cause of the delayed gastric emptying. Options range from dietary changes to surgery that widens the valve connecting the stomach and small intestines, 让胃更快排空. Some patients may be candidates for an implantable device that reduces nausea and vomiting by sending mild electrical pulses to the muscles and nerves of the lower stomach.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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全国最好的胃肠病学专家之一 & 胃肠道手术
迹象 & 症状
Symptoms of gastroparesis range from mild to severe and commonly include:
- 恶心想吐
- 呕吐
- 饱腹感:吃东西时较早的饱腹感
- 减肥
- 腹部肿胀
- 腹部不适
诊断
胃轻瘫的诊断始于x光检查和内窥镜检查. 如果你的十大赌博平台排行榜没有发现其他问题, the following tests may be recommended to make a definite diagnosis.
- 内窥镜检查. 在这个过程中, the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract is visualized with a flexible endoscope. 检查的区域包括食道, 或者是通往胃部的吞咽管, 胃和小肠的开端, 叫做十二指肠.
- 胃排空扫描. 对于这个测试, 你会吃食物, 典型的蛋, 含有一种非常安全的放射性同位素, 一种轻微的放射性物质会在扫描上显示出来. The dose of radiation from the radioisotope is small and not dangerous. 吃完, you will lie under a machine that shows an image of the food in the stomach and how quickly it leaves the stomach. A diagnosis of gastroparesis is made if more than half of the food remains in the stomach after 60 to 90 minutes. However, sometimes it requires more than one gastric emptying scan to detect gastroparesis.
- 测压法. 一项测量胃收缩强度的测试.
- Electrogastrogram. This test is for patients who are experiencing unexplained nausea and vomiting. 在一个小时的过程中, 电极放在你的胃上, 哪一个能记录你胃的电活动. This must be performed on an empty stomach, followed by a liquid meal.
手术是通过内窥镜进行的, 这是一个很长的, thin and flexible tube with a tiny video camera and light on the end. 通过调整内窥镜上的各种控制, the gastroenterologist can safely maneuver the instrument to carefully examine the inside lining of the upper digestive system. The endoscope contains a channel that allows instruments to be passed in order to take tissue samples, 切除息肉并提供其他治疗. The high-quality picture from the endoscope is shown on a TV monitor. In many cases, upper GI endoscopy is a more precise examination than X-ray studies.
治疗
饮食需求
Therapy for gastroparesis requires that you follow certain dietary requirements, such as eating small meals throughout the day and avoiding foods that are difficult to digest. 这些食物包括高脂肪食物、豆类、扁豆和柑橘类水果. 如果你有胃轻瘫是糖尿病的并发症, 你可能需要增加胰岛素治疗.
药物
药物也用于治疗胃轻瘫. 其中最有效的是甲氧氯普胺, 哪一种通过刺激胃活动来帮助胃排空. 它也可以缓解恶心和呕吐. 常见的副作用包括嗜睡和疲劳. 除了, 有些人可能会感到抑郁, 运动障碍, 焦虑和乳房压痛或分泌物. Metoclopramide is not recommended for patients with Parkinson's disease.
抗生素红霉素也能促进胃排空, 但它的副作用是恶心, 呕吐和腹部痉挛限制了它的作用. One additional drug called domperidone is not approved for use in the United States. Domperidone improves stomach emptying by stimulating stomach motor activity, 缓解恶心，几乎没有副作用. 其他的新方法正在研究中进行评估, 建议你和你的十大赌博平台排行榜谈谈这些.
如果药物对你不起作用, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议使用空肠造口管, 是什么让食物绕过你的胃. 液体营养, fluids and medication are delivered directly to the small bowel through the tube during severe attacks of gastroparesis. 在胃轻瘫的极端情况下, patients may need a semi-permanent intravenous (IV) line that delivers nutrients and fluids directly into the bloodstream.
其他的治疗方法
胃电刺激使用一种装置, 通过手术植入腹部的, to deliver mild electrical pulses to the nerves and smooth muscle of the lower part of the stomach. This stimulation may reduce chronic nausea and vomiting in patients with gastroparesis resulting from diabetes or unknown causes.
如果胃轻瘫与迷走神经损伤有关, 患者可以从幽门成形术中获益. This procedure widens and relaxes the valve separating the stomach from the upper part of the small intestine, 叫做幽门瓣膜. 这样可以让胃更快地排空. 在某些情况下, 在决定执行手术之前, botulinum toxin (Botox) will be injected at the pyloric valve to temporarily paralyze and relax it. This helps us determine if the patient would benefit from a pyloroplasty.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
