嗜铬细胞瘤
Overview
嗜铬细胞瘤 is a rare tumor that usually develops from one of the body's two adrenal glands, located above each kidney in the back of the upper abdomen. The cancer typically develops in the central part of the adrenal glands called the adrenal medulla, which is responsible for producing important hormones such epinephrine, 肾上腺素, 去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺, and may occur as a single tumor or as multiple growths.
These tumors often secrete too much hormone, 哪些会导致高血压, 心悸和头痛. High blood pressure that is left untreated can cause heart disease, 中风和其他主要的健康问题.
Tumors that develop outside the adrenal glands are called paragangliomas. About 10 to 15 percent of pheochromocytomas are malignant, 或癌变, with the potential to spread to other parts of the body. The condition may occur at any age, but is most common in young and middle-aged adults.
我们治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的方法
UCSF is an international leader in 内分泌学 care. 我们提供全面咨询, evaluations and treatments for a wide range of adrenal hormone conditions, 如嗜铬细胞瘤.
手术 is the primary treatment for this disorder. 肿瘤通常是良性的, 但在罕见的恶性肿瘤病例中, we may use a combination of surgical removal, 化疗和放疗. We coordinate patients' surgical care at our adrenal surgery center, which is one of the largest programs of its kind in the United States. The center's team has pioneered innovative methods for diagnosing and treating adrenal disorders, and our surgeons are experts in minimally invasive techniques.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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One of the nation's best for diabetes care & 内分泌学
迹象 & 症状
Symptoms of pheochromocytoma result from excessive hormone production and include:
- 头痛通常很严重
- 过度出汗
- Accelerated or racing heartbeat, called tachycardia, and palpitations
- Anxiety and/or nervousness, such as feelings of impending death
- 颤抖:紧张的颤抖或震颤
- 下胸部或上腹部疼痛
- 恶心伴有或不伴有呕吐
- 减肥
- 热不宽容
诊断
Standard tests available to diagnose pheochromocytoma include:
- 24-hour urinary catecholamines and metanephrines test. This measures the production of the different types of hormonal compounds made by the adrenal glands. Since the body excretes these hormones in the urine, a patient's urine is examined after 24 hours to check for increased levels of the hormones. This test measures different types of 肾上腺素e, 包括肾上腺素, 去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺, as well as the compounds discarded by the liver and kidney.
- 血清儿茶酚胺. This study measures the 肾上腺素 compounds in the blood and can detect elevated 肾上腺素 levels
- Computed tomography (CT) scans and I-MIBG scans. 这些扫描有助于定位肿瘤. 如果怀疑嗜铬细胞瘤, the CT scan should be without contrast unless hypertension is controlled.
治疗
Treatment of pheochromocytoma involves surgery, 化疗和放疗.
- 手术. Once a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma has been established and the tumor located, 肿瘤将通过手术切除. One or both adrenal glands may be removed in an operation called adrenalectomy. Your doctor will examine the inside of the abdomen to make sure all the cancer is removed. If the cancer has spread, lymph nodes or other tissues also may be taken out.
- 化疗. This therapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be taken orally in pill form or may be administered intravenously, through an IV. 化疗 is called a systemic treatment because the drug enters the bloodstream, travels through the body and can kill cancer cells throughout the body.
- 放射治疗. This treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Since radiation comes from a machine outside the body, it is called external radiation therapy.
- 放射性同位素治疗. 这种治疗使用高剂量的I-MIBG, which cancerous pheochromocytomas may absorb, resulting in shrinkage or even disappearance of the tumors.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
